Mechanical qhov chaw machining yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov cov ntaub ntawv raw rau hauv qhov chaw nrog cov duab meej, qhov ntev, thiab kev ua haujlwm. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm yog hauv paus hauv kev siv cov khoom siv tshuab, geometry, thiab kev tsim khoom siv tshuab. Nws lub hom phiaj kom ua tiav cov txheej txheem tswj kev tshem tawm, kev tsim cov yas, lossis txheej txheej - los ntawm - txheej txheej los ntawm kev quab yuam sab nraud thiab lub zog hloov pauv, yog li ua tau raws li ntau yam kev xav tau ntawm cov tshuab tshuab rau kev ua haujlwm thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem machining sib txawv muaj cov txheej txheem sib txawv, lawv cov logic hauv qab yog nyob ib puag ncig "khoom siv lub xeev hloov" thiab "geometric shape shaping," tsim cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Kev tshem tawm cov txheej txheem siv "txiav" raws li lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, nrog rau cov qauv piv txwv yog tig, milling, drilling, thiab sib tsoo. Lawv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm siv cov kev sib txheeb ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov khoom ua haujlwm, siv lub zog shearing rau cov khoom nto ntawm lub workpiece los ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav ntug, ua rau cov khoom siv ntau dhau los sib cais raws li cov kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb los tsim qhov xav tau contour. Tig, los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov khoom sib hloov thiab cov cuab yeej linear pub, tshuab qhov chaw ntawm lub cev rotating; milling, cia siab rau cov cuab yeej sib hloov thiab ntau- kev taw qhia workpiece txav, tsim cov dav hlau, grooves, lossis cov kab nkhaus nyuaj. Cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm kev txiav ceev, pub tus nqi, thiab qhov tob ntawm kev txiav kom sib npaug ntawm cov khoom tshem tawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov cuab yeej hnav thiab qhov zoo. Qhov tseem ceeb, nws hloov pauv txhua lub zog rau hauv lub zog kinetic rau kev sib cais ntawm cov khoom, ua tiav qhov kev kwv yees ntawm qhov xav tau.
Kev tsim cov txheej txheem yog raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm "yas deformation" lossis "solidification forming," encompassing casting, forging, stamping, thiab txhaj tshuaj molding. Casting muaj kev txhaj tshuaj molten hlau los yog yas rau hauv pwm kab noj hniav, ces txias thiab solidifying kom tau ib tug dawb paug raws li kab noj hniav. Nws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus yog tias cov khoom khaws cia zoo li lub cim xeeb thaum lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm cov kua mus rau cov khoom. Forging siv lub siab rau cov khoom hlau dawb paug, yuam nws mus rau hauv cov yas ntws thiab ntim hloov, sau cov pwm qhov khoob thiab tsim cov qauv ntom ntom. Nws lub hauv paus yog nyob rau hauv kev siv cov ductility ntawm hlau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom ua tiav cov kev tsim kho. Stamping siv lub siab -kev cuam tshuam ceev ntawm ib lub xovxwm thiab tuag los hloov cov duab ntawm cov ntawv hlau thaum lub sij hawm kos duab, khoov, los yog blanking, cia siab rau cov khoom siv yas deformation txwv thiab qhov txwv ntawm qhov tuag. Tus yuam sij rau cov txheej txheem no yog tswj cov khoom ntws cov yam ntxwv thiab qhov tseeb geometric ntawm qhov tuag kom paub meej qhov tsis xws luag - dawb thiab seem ruaj khov.
Cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv hloov pauv qhov kev xav "subtractive" ib txwm muaj, nrog "txheej-los ntawm-txheej txheej" raws li lawv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Lawv cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm suav nrog kev siv 3D qauv hlais cov ntaub ntawv rau cov ntaub ntawv txheej txheej los ntawm txheej raws li txoj hauv kev los ntawm txoj kev xws li laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, los yog photopolymerization, thaum kawg solidifying lawv mus rau hauv ib qho khoom. Piv txwv li, xaiv laser melting (SLM) siv lub siab -lub zog laser beam kom yaj hlau hmoov taw tes los ntawm taw tes, solidifying txheej los ntawm txheej los ua ib tug ntom qauv; fused deposition modeling (FDM) heats thiab extrudes thermoplastic filaments, cooling and solidifying them through layer-by-layer stacking. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no kov yeej cov kev txwv ntawm kev ua ib txwm ua nyob rau hauv geometric complexity ntawm qhov chaw, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau kev ncaj qha tsim ntawm complex qauv xws li internal hollowing thiab topology optimization. Nws lub hauv paus tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev tswj xyuas meej ntawm kev sib txuam ntawm lub zog tawm tswv yim thiab cov khoom siv, kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib txuas ntawm interlayer lub zog thiab qhov tseeb tag nrho.
Tsis hais txog ntawm txoj kev ua, kev ntsuas thiab kev tawm tswv yim yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis xws li kev sib koom tes ntsuas tshuab (CMMs), laser scanning, lossis kev tshuaj xyuas cov duab, qhov ntev, geometric kam rau ua, thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv tau raug ntsuas ntau. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog tom qab ntawd rov qab mus rau lub tshuab machining, tsav tsheb hloov pauv hloov pauv mus rau cov txheej txheem tsis tau lossis cov cuab yeej cuab tam, tsim lub kaw- voj tswj qhov system ntawm "machining- tshuaj xyuas-kev ua kom zoo." Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb lav rau kev ua tiav precision machining thiab ruaj khov zoo.
Hauv kev xaus, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv tshuab machining yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm ntau yam kev qhuab qhia: tshem tawm cov machining kev cia siab rau shearing thiab sib cais, tsim raws li yas los yog solidification, thiab additive manufacturing siv txheej txheej - los ntawm - txheej deposition. Peb yam no, los ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev tswj, ua ke tsim txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau qhov tseeb. Kev nkag siab tob thiab hloov tau yooj yim ntawm txoj cai no yog qhov tseem ceeb ua ntej rau kev txhim kho machining efficiency, ua kom cov khoom zoo, thiab txhawb kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis tshiab.
